Before we start using PAST TENSE, its important to understand the PAST PARTICIPLE -they are the ed's or en's of English. In general we use
ADO, IDO, ITO, IERTO, UELTO, UESTO at the ending, most of the time.
REGULAR VERBS > ADO, IDO:
hablar > ar + ado = hablado (spoken)
comer > er + ido = comido (eaten)
vivir > ir + ido = vivido (lived)
IRREGULAR VERBS > ITO, IERTO, UELTO, ESTO:
abrir (to open) > abierto (open) (cerrar (to close) - cerrado (closed) - es regular)
cubrir (to cover) > cubierto (covered)
decir (to say) > dicho (said)
escribir (to write) > escrito (written)
freír (to fry) > frito (fried)
hacer (to do) > hecho (done)
morir (to die) > muerto (dead)
poner (to put) > puesto (put)
resolver (to resolve) > resuelto (resolved)
romper (to break) > roto (broken)
ver (to see) > visto (seen)
volver (to return) > vuelto (returned)
👨 👩 👭 CHANGES FOR GENDER AND PLURALS
Most past participles can be used as adjectives. Like other adjectives, they agree in gender and number with the nouns that they modify.
La puerta está cerrada.
The door is closed.
Las puertas están cerradas.
The doors are closed.
El restaurante está abierto.
The restaurant is open.
Los restaurantes están abiertos.
The restaurants are open.
💬 COMBINE WITH SER FOR EASY TALKING
The past participle can be combined with the verb “ser” to express the passive voice. Use this construction when an action is being described, and introduce the doer of the action with the word “por.”
La casa fue construida por los carpinteros.
The house was built by the carpenters.
La tienda es abierta todos los días por el dueño.
The store is opened every day by the owner.
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